The video provides a short introduction to magmatic volatiles and the basic chemical and petrological factors that control their solubility. Besides the two most common volatile species, water and carbon dioxide, the video discusses noble gases, sulfur, and chlorine. The viewer is introduced to solubility plots, basic terminology, Henry’s Law, distribution coefficients, and other ideas that allow one to understand the role of temperature, pressure, and magma composition on volatile solubility. Solubility is considered relative to saturation with gas, liquids (e.g., some sulfides), and crystals. The tutorial also seeks to place the systematics of volatile solubility in the context of volcano monitoring and outgassing. Author: Jacob B. Lowenstern PhD, Director, Volcano Disaster Assistance Program U.S. Geological Survey, Vancouver, USA Edited by: Andrea Luca Rizzo, INGV, Section Palermo, Italy; Reviewed by: Paul Wallace, University of Oregon, USA IAVCEI eVolcano Project
This eVolcano lecture on pyroclastic fall deposits is given by Samantha Engwell (British Geological Survey) and Julia Eychenne (Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, France). It provides insights into the sedimentary and textural characteristics of tephra fall deposits, from the outcrop scale to the individual grain scale. It presents typical deposit trends and methods on how to use such trends to understand the eruption that produced them. A list of resources and references is provided to direct viewers to further relevant work and tools. Acknowledgment: J. Eychenne and S. Engwell thank Eric Breard and Costanza Bonadonna for providing comments that greatly improved this lecture. They also thank Julien Monteux for invaluable support in editing the video lecture. S. Engwell was funded through the UK Natural Environment Research Council Rift Volcanism: Past, Present and Future (RiftVolc) project (grant NE/L013460/1). Authors: Julia Eychenne PhD, CNRS Researcher Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans & Laboratoire de Génétique, Reproduction et Développement, Clermont-Ferrand, France Sam Engwell PhD, Volcanologist and Geologist BGS Edinburgh, United Kingdom Edited by: Eric Breard, University of Oregon, USA; Reviewed by: Costanza Bonadonna, University of Geneva,Switzerland IAVCEI eVolcano Project
